FromSpencer Pallone Helm · Legatis
ReNotes · short, sourced, no jargon
Date02 SEP 2026
GradesA meta-analysis · B single study · C practitioner

Notes.

Short pieces on how owner-operated businesses actually run. Each one is something I say to a client in the first meeting. Every research claim carries its grade; the rest is what I have seen.


01Most performance problems are not people problems.Why I audit the conditions before I grade the person.
02The four-minute test.One number that tells you more than any survey, and cannot be gamed.
03The annual review does not improve performance.It does a different job, and it is worth paying for. Just not for that.
04The rule of three.A non-arbitrary standard for raises, and a transparent path for the person asking.
05Basketball or bowling.Some shops are not teams. Selling them a team system sells something that cannot work.
06What is quietly costing you money.The leaks I count on the first day, and the arithmetic for each.

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Legatum · Princep · Passio · Scopus